Typhoid Fever: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment

By Dr. Karan R Rawat – Gastroenterologist & Stomach Specialist in Agra

During summer and monsoon seasons, infections related to contaminated food and water increase significantly in North India. One of the most common infections seen in clinics and hospitals is Typhoid fever.

Typhoid is a serious bacterial infection that affects the digestive system and bloodstream, and if not treated early, it can lead to dangerous complications such as intestinal perforation or severe infection.

What is Typhoid?

Typhoid fever is caused by a bacteria called Salmonella Typhi.

The infection spreads mainly through:

• Contaminated water
• Unhygienic street food
• Poor sanitation
• Contact with infected individuals

Cities with dense populations and warm climate like Agra often see increased cases during summer months.

How Typhoid Spreads

The bacteria enter the body through the mouth and then travel to the intestine and bloodstream.

Common sources include:

• Drinking contaminated water
• Eating uncovered street food
• Raw vegetables washed in dirty water
• Ice or juices from unhygienic places

Poor hygiene and improper handwashing also contribute to its spread.

Symptoms of Typhoid Fever

Symptoms usually appear 7–14 days after infection.

Common symptoms include:

• Persistent high fever (102–104°F)
• Weakness and fatigue
• Headache
• Loss of appetite
• Abdominal pain
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Coated tongue
• Sometimes rash on the chest (rose spots)

If untreated, the infection may worsen and affect multiple organs.

Dangerous Complications of Typhoid

Delayed treatment may cause serious problems such as:

• Intestinal ulceration
• Intestinal perforation
• Internal bleeding
• Severe dehydration
• Sepsis (blood infection)

These complications require urgent medical treatment or surgery.

Diagnosis of Typhoid

Doctors confirm typhoid using:

• Blood tests
• Widal test
• Blood culture
• Complete blood count
• Liver function tests

Early diagnosis helps prevent complications.

Treatment of Typhoid

Treatment usually includes:

• Appropriate antibiotics
• Adequate hydration
• Soft and light diet
• Fever control medicines
• Rest and monitoring

Patients should complete the full antibiotic course to prevent recurrence or resistance.

Diet During Typhoid

Patients should take easy-to-digest foods, such as:

• Khichdi
• Daliya
• Coconut water
• Boiled vegetables
• Soup

Avoid:

• Spicy food
• Oily food
• Raw salads
• Street food

Prevention of Typhoid

To reduce risk:

✔ Drink clean or boiled water
✔ Avoid uncovered street food
✔ Wash hands regularly
✔ Maintain proper sanitation
✔ Get vaccinated when necessary

Expert Care for Typhoid and Gastrointestinal Infections in Agra

Dr. Karan R Rawat, a leading gastroenterologist and stomach specialist in Agra, regularly treats patients suffering from:

• Typhoid fever
• Acute gastroenteritis
• Food poisoning
• Intestinal infections
• Liver and digestive disorders

Patients from Agra and nearby districts within 150 km consult him for accurate diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of gastrointestinal infections.

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